.NET Framework Architecture

In this article i will explain .NET Framework Architecture. The .NET Framework Architecture contain several layers such as Common Language Runtime (CLR),Base Class Library (BCL), Framework Class Library (FCL) also known as Base Class Library (BCL), Data and XML Classes, Applications, Common Language Specifications (CLS), Common Type System (CTS), .NET compliant languages and etc.


.NET Framework Architecture

.NET  framework  runs on different  versions of  windows  operating  system,  starting from windows 98  to latest versions of windows 7, 8, 10.

Operating system is not  a  part  of .NET framework  but  generally it  is  shown as a  base  layer  to indicate that .NET framework runs on operating system.


.NET Framework Architecture.

1) Common Language Runtime (CLR)

  1. CLR is a hart of .NET Framework.
  2. The  CLR is  the  execution  engine  for  .NET  applications  and  serves  as  the  interface  between .NET applications and the operating system.
  3. The CLR is the platform on which applications are hosted and executed.
  4. The  CLR  manages  memory,  Thread  execution,  Garbage  Collection  (GC),  Exception  Handling, Common Type System (CTS), code safety verifications, and other system services.

2) Base Class Library (BCL)

  1. It is also known as Framework Class Library (FCL)
  2. The .NET FCL is a collection of reusable types that is integrated with the CLR.
  3. The .NET FCL is object oriented.
  4. It  contains  more  than  7000  classes  and  data  types  to  read  and  write  files,  access  databases, process XML, display a graphical user interface, draw graphics, use Web services, etc…
  5. The .NET FCL wraps much of the large, complex Win32 API into simpler .NET classes that can be used by C# and other .NET programming languages.

3) Data and XML Classes (ADO.NET, SQL, XML, etc…)

  1. These classes extend the FCL to support data management and XML manipulation.
  2. ADO.NET provides improved support for the disconnected programming model.
  3. It also provides rich XML support.
  4. XML classes support various operations on XML data like searching, translations, modifying, etc…

4) Applications (Windows, Web, Web Services, etc…)

  1. Applications  are  the  interface  between  users  and  computers  that  allows  .NET  to  interact  with the outside world.
  2. Commonly  used  application  types  are  windows  (Tally,  MS  Office,  etc…),  web  (www.asppoint.com, www.google.co.in), web services (Internet payment systems), etc…

5) Common Language Specifications (CLS)

  1. CLS is a set of specifications to make languages as .NET compliant languages.
  2. CLS is an  agreement  among  language  designers and  class  library  designers  to  use a common subset  of basic language features that all languages have to follow.
  3. This  is  done  in  such  a  way,  that  programs  written  in  any  language  (.NET  compliant) can interoperate with  other  languages.  This also  can  take full  advantage  of  inheritance, polymorphism,  exceptions,  and other features.
  4. CLS makes use of CTS and CLR.

6) Common Type System (CTS)

  1. CTS describes how types are declared, used and managed in the runtime .
  2. It facilitates cross-language integration, type safety, and high performance code execution.
  3. Types are the mechanism by which code written in one programming language can talk to code written in a different programming language.
  4. CTS help developers to develop applications in different languages.
  5. The CTS also specifies the rules for type visibility and for access to the members of a type.

7) .NET Compliant Languages

  1. This is the top most layer, it consists of .NET compliant languages e.g. C#, VB.NET, J#, VC++, F#, etc…
  2. One of the imperative features of the .NET is the facility to program in multiple languages, which allows programmers to use their favorite languages.
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